Environmental pollution has become an essential issue in today’s biosphere. Over the past years, human activities have involuntarily devastated the environment by throwing plastic, contributed to climate change by burning fossil fuels, and polluted the air and waterways with human-made innovations. In addition to harming biodiversity, this pollution also degrades human health. Following this, environmental protection has been one of the crucial challenges faced by humanity in ensuring future sustainability. Nanotechnology proposes many benefits to enhance current environmental technologies and create new ones that are better than the existing ones. The expanding scope of application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology throughout the years fairly succeeded in being a solution for environmental remediation in many activities, such as water treatment in agriculture activities, toxic chemicals, heavy metals removal in industrial activities, and many more. Nanotechnology displays unique properties in comparison to its bulk counterparts, as its high surface-area-to-volume ratio conveys distinctive physiochemical properties. Moving forward, nanotechnology involves three main abilities that can be utilized in the sections of environmental consideration, including remediation and purification, detection of contaminants, and pollution prevention. However, the efficiency key relies on engineering and developing functionalized nanomaterials for specific environmental problems while limiting the potential risks and uncertainties associated with their usage for environmental remediation. This chapter covers conventional remediation procedures such as adsorption, absorption, chemical reactions, photocatalysis, and filtration. It explores the environmental elements subject to pollution while focusing on the practical properties of nanomaterials for tailor-oriented environmental remediation techniques. Furthermore, this chapter highlights several recent applications of nanotechnology that are promising in the field of environmental remediation.